本作品根據(jù)R油田外輸設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書、原油物性測(cè)試結(jié)果、管道沿線環(huán)境等資料，進(jìn)行R油田原油外輸管道可行性研究。主要內(nèi)容包括：油源分析、線路工程、輸油工藝、線路用管、輸油站場(chǎng)、防腐與保溫、自動(dòng)控制、通信系統(tǒng)、供配電系統(tǒng)、公用工程、健康安全環(huán)保（HSE）、組織機(jī)構(gòu)及定員等部分的設(shè)計(jì)。
線路工程設(shè)計(jì)中，選用50mm厚硬質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫塑料保溫層，全線共設(shè)計(jì)4座線路截?cái)嚅y室（RTU閥室2座）、陰極保護(hù)站4座（均與站場(chǎng)或RTU閥室合建）。AB段大型河流穿越采用定向鉆穿越，優(yōu)選三種穿越方案，分別計(jì)算入土段、中間段、出土段長(zhǎng)度，綜合比選后選擇方案三：定向鉆入土角為10°，出土角為8°，穿越管段曲率半徑為328.5m，對(duì)鉆機(jī)、鉆頭等設(shè)備進(jìn)行選型。對(duì)最終方案管道回拖、試壓等工況進(jìn)行應(yīng)力校核和徑向屈曲失穩(wěn)計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明本設(shè)計(jì)滿足規(guī)范要求。此外對(duì)管道標(biāo)志、線路防護(hù)、管道錨固等部分做了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，形成工程量表。
十年內(nèi)不同輸量、溫度下管輸要求。針對(duì)BC段選用不同管徑、設(shè)計(jì)壓力，組合成4個(gè)方案，利用SPS根據(jù)近十年預(yù)測(cè)輸量進(jìn)行計(jì)算，結(jié)合費(fèi)用現(xiàn)值綜合考慮可行性及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性，選擇方案一：168.3mm管徑、壁厚5mm、9MPa設(shè)計(jì)壓力，并在不同輸量及不同季節(jié)下對(duì)該方案進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性計(jì)算，結(jié)果表明：本方案可滿足十年內(nèi)不同輸量、不同條件下管輸要求，最大年輸量為59.7×104t/a，最小年輸量為15.8×104t/a。針對(duì)BC段可能出現(xiàn)的ESD閥關(guān)斷、泵站停電、泵站甩泵等事故工況制定停輸或降量輸送等超前保護(hù)措施，結(jié)果表明：制定的超前保護(hù)措施可使全線安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。
輸油站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)中，全線共設(shè)A站、B站、1#加熱站、2#加熱站、C末站等工藝站場(chǎng)5座，對(duì)各個(gè)站場(chǎng)進(jìn)行加熱、加壓、儲(chǔ)存、倒罐、收發(fā)球、正反輸、脫水、發(fā)車等基本流程設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行泵、加熱爐等設(shè)備選型及儲(chǔ)罐設(shè)置。對(duì)C末站的鐵路作業(yè)區(qū)進(jìn)行了鐵路作業(yè)線車位數(shù)、棧橋長(zhǎng)度設(shè)計(jì)和摩阻計(jì)算。最后繪制了工藝流程圖和平面布置圖共8張。
對(duì)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)、通信系統(tǒng)、供配電系統(tǒng)、公用工程、健康安全環(huán)保、組織機(jī)構(gòu)及定員等進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)計(jì)算，確定了施工所需要工程量表，為該油田外輸施工提供了重要依據(jù)。
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目 錄
第1章 總論 ........................................................................................................1
1.1 編制依據(jù)........................................................................................................1
1.2 研究范圍........................................................................................................1
1.3 編制原則........................................................................................................1
1.4 遵循的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范....................................................................................2
1.4.1 工藝設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 ........................................................................................2
1.4.2 管線設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 ........................................................................................2
1.4.3 HSE設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 ..........................................................................................2
1.4.4 站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 ........................................................................................2
1.4.5 制圖規(guī)范 ................................................................................................3
1.5 主要研究結(jié)論................................................................................................3
1.5.1 資源概況 ................................................................................................3
1.5.2 市場(chǎng)概況 ................................................................................................3
1.5.3 工程概況 ................................................................................................3
1.5.4 問(wèn)題與建議 ............................................................................................5
第2章 油源分析 ...............................................................................................6
2.1 產(chǎn)量規(guī)劃........................................................................................................6
2.2 物性分析........................................................................................................6
第3章 管道線路工程 .......................................................................................9
3.1 線路走向方案................................................................................................9
3.1.1 選線基本原則 ........................................................................................9
3.1.2 線路走向方案說(shuō)明 ................................................................................9
3.1.3 沿線自然概況 ......................................................................................11
3.2 管道敷設(shè)......................................................................................................12
3.2.1 線路工程特點(diǎn) ......................................................................................12
3.2.2 管道敷設(shè)的要求 ..................................................................................12
3.3 管道穿跨越方式優(yōu)選..................................................................................14
3.3.1 河流穿越方案 ......................................................................................14
3.3.2 河流跨越方案 ......................................................................................16
3.3.3 穿跨越方案選擇原則 ..........................................................................17
3.3.4 方案比選 ..............................................................................................18
3.4 定向鉆穿越設(shè)計(jì)..........................................................................................22
3.4.1 工程流程圖 ..........................................................................................22
3.4.2 定向鉆穿越出入土點(diǎn) ..........................................................................22
3.4.3 設(shè)備選型 ..............................................................................................26
3.4.4 穿越段管道應(yīng)力校核 ..........................................................................27
3.5 線路附屬設(shè)施..............................................................................................31
3.5.1 線路截?cái)嚅y室 ......................................................................................31
3.5.2 管道標(biāo)志 ..............................................................................................33
3.5.3 線路防護(hù)工程 ......................................................................................33
3.5.4 施工便道與伴行道路 ..........................................................................33
3.5.5 管道警示牌 ..........................................................................................34
3.5.6 管道錨固 ..............................................................................................34
3.5.7 防洪措施 ..............................................................................................34
3.6 線路主要工程量表......................................................................................35
第4章 輸油工藝 .............................................................................................36
4.1 主要工藝參數(shù)..............................................................................................36
4.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)輸量 ..............................................................................................36
4.1.2 原油物性 ..............................................................................................36
4.1.3 其他基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) ......................................................................................38
4.2 A-B段輸油工藝計(jì)算 ....................................................................................40
4.2.1 輸送工藝方式的選擇 ..........................................................................40
4.2.2 保溫層的選擇 ......................................................................................40
4.2.3 工藝計(jì)算公式 ......................................................................................40
4.2.4 工藝計(jì)算軟件 ......................................................................................42
4.2.5 輸送方案比選 ......................................................................................42
4.3 A-B段管道適應(yīng)性分析 ...............................................................................50
4.4 B-C段輸油工藝計(jì)算 ....................................................................................52
4.4.1 輸送工藝方式的選擇 ..........................................................................52
4.4.2 保溫層的選擇 ......................................................................................52
4.4.3 工藝計(jì)算公式 ......................................................................................52
4.4.4 工藝計(jì)算軟件 ......................................................................................52
4.4.5 輸送方案比選 ......................................................................................52
4.5 B-C管道適應(yīng)性分析 ....................................................................................62
4.5.1 階梯輸量工況分年核算 ......................................................................62
4.5.2 夏季管道適應(yīng)性 ..................................................................................70
4.5.3 管道最大輸量 ......................................................................................72
4.5.4 管道最小輸量 ......................................................................................74
4.6 事故工況及超前保護(hù)..................................................................................76
4.6.1事故狀態(tài)的控制原則..........................................................................76
4.6.2 事故工況模擬結(jié)果匯總 ......................................................................77
第5章 線路用管 .............................................................................................94
5.1 線路用管選用原則......................................................................................94
5.2 管型選擇......................................................................................................94
5.3 管材選擇......................................................................................................94
5.4 壁厚與用鋼量計(jì)算......................................................................................94
5.5 管道強(qiáng)度及穩(wěn)定性校核..............................................................................96
5.5.1 管道強(qiáng)度校核 ......................................................................................96
5.5.2 管道剛度校核 ......................................................................................97
5.5.3 管道軸向穩(wěn)定性校核 ..........................................................................97
第6章 輸油站場(chǎng) .............................................................................................99
6.1 站場(chǎng)設(shè)置......................................................................................................99
6.2 站場(chǎng)工藝......................................................................................................99
6.2.1 概述 ......................................................................................................99
6.2.2 A首站 ..................................................................................................100
6.2.3 B輸油站 ..............................................................................................101
6.2.4 1#、2#加熱站 .....................................................................................102
6.2.5 C末站 ..................................................................................................103
6.3 C末站站場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................103
6.3.1 油罐區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ................................................................................104
6.3.2 鐵路作業(yè)區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ........................................................................107
6.3.3 水力計(jì)算 ............................................................................................109
6.3.4 鐵路發(fā)油泵型號(hào) ................................................................................114
6.4 主要設(shè)備選型............................................................................................115
6.4.1 AB段A首站泵機(jī)組選擇 ...................................................................115
6.4.2 BC段B首站泵機(jī)組選擇 ....................................................................118
6.4.3 原油儲(chǔ)罐容量確定與選型 ................................................................120
6.4.4 加熱爐選型 ........................................................................................121
6.4.5 清管設(shè)備 ............................................................................................122
6.4.6 閥門 ....................................................................................................122
6.5 站場(chǎng)工藝用管............................................................................................123
6.6 主要工程量................................................................................................123
第7章 防腐與保溫 .......................................................................................125
7.1 基礎(chǔ)資料....................................................................................................125
7.2 防腐控制....................................................................................................125
7.3 防腐層的選擇............................................................................................125
7.4 儲(chǔ)罐防腐層的選用....................................................................................126
7.5 儲(chǔ)罐保溫材料的選用................................................................................127
7.6 陰極保護(hù)....................................................................................................127
7.6.1 陰極保護(hù)方案 ....................................................................................127
7.6.2 陰極保護(hù)站設(shè)置 ................................................................................128
7.6.3 管線陰極保護(hù)站的構(gòu)成 ....................................................................130
7.6.4 陰極保護(hù)測(cè)試 ....................................................................................131
7.6.5 特殊地段臨時(shí)保護(hù) ............................................................................131
7.6.6 電絕緣及電連續(xù)性跨接 ....................................................................131
7.7 儲(chǔ)罐陰極保護(hù)............................................................................................132
7.7.1 保護(hù)方案 ............................................................................................132
7.7.2 陰極保護(hù)站構(gòu)成 ................................................................................132
7.7.3 儲(chǔ)罐陰極保護(hù)測(cè)試 ............................................................................132
7.8 主要工程量................................................................................................132
第8章 自動(dòng)控制 ...........................................................................................134
8.1 研究范圍與內(nèi)容........................................................................................134
8.2 自動(dòng)控制水平............................................................................................134
8.3 自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)方案....................................................................................135
8.3.1 自控控制系統(tǒng)方案 ............................................................................135
8.3.2 控制系統(tǒng)配置及功能 ........................................................................136
8.3.3 安全儀表系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................138
8.3.4 陰極保護(hù)站監(jiān)視系統(tǒng) ........................................................................139
8.3.5 數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................139
8.3.6 成套設(shè)備測(cè)控儀表 ............................................................................139
8.3.7 管道光纖安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng) ....................................................................139
8.4 流量計(jì)量與壓力監(jiān)控................................................................................140
8.4.1 流量計(jì)量系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................140
8.4.2 計(jì)量檢定系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................140
8.4.3 壓力監(jiān)控 ............................................................................................140
8.4.4 自動(dòng)取樣系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................141
8.5 儀表選型....................................................................................................141
8.5.1 儀表選型原則 ....................................................................................141
8.5.2 儀表選型 ............................................................................................141
8.6 儀表供電....................................................................................................141
8.7 主要工程量................................................................................................141
第9章 通信工程 ...........................................................................................144
9.1 工程概況....................................................................................................144
9.2 研究范圍....................................................................................................144
9.3 通信現(xiàn)狀....................................................................................................144
9.4 通信業(yè)務(wù)種類及需求預(yù)測(cè)........................................................................144
9.4.1 業(yè)務(wù)種類 ............................................................................................144
9.4.2 業(yè)務(wù)需求預(yù)測(cè) ....................................................................................145
9.5 通信系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案....................................................................................145
9.5.1 通信方式選擇 ....................................................................................145
9.5.2 通信系統(tǒng)組網(wǎng)方案 ............................................................................146
9.5.3 主要工程量 ........................................................................................148
第10章 供配電工程 .....................................................................................149
10.1 管道沿線電源現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................149
10.2 用電負(fù)荷等級(jí)確定和供電要求 .............................................................149
10.3 輸油站動(dòng)力方案的選擇 .........................................................................149
10.3.1 動(dòng)力方案的構(gòu)成 ..............................................................................149
10.3.2 動(dòng)力方案的確定 ..............................................................................149
10.3.3 各站用電負(fù)荷 ..................................................................................150
10.4 供電方案 .................................................................................................151
10.4.1 A聯(lián)合站 ............................................................................................151
10.4.2 B首站 ................................................................................................152
10.4.3 1#2#熱站 ...........................................................................................152
10.4.4 C末站 ................................................................................................152
10.4.5 各閥室 ..............................................................................................152
10.5 配電線路敷設(shè)方式 .................................................................................152
10.6 防雷防靜電接地 .....................................................................................153
10.7 主要工程量 .............................................................................................153
第11章 公用工程 .........................................................................................155
11.1 總圖運(yùn)輸 .................................................................................................155
11.1.1 站址 ..................................................................................................155
11.1.2 總平面布置 ......................................................................................155
11.1.3 道路、豎向及排水 ..........................................................................157
11.1.4 車輛配置 ..........................................................................................157
11.1.5 綠化 ..................................................................................................157
11.1.6 主要工程量 ......................................................................................157
11.2 給排水消防 .............................................................................................159
11.2.1 給排水 ..............................................................................................159
11.2.2 消防 ..................................................................................................161
11.3 建筑及結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................................162
11.3.1 概述 ..................................................................................................162
11.3.2 工程范圍及主要內(nèi)容 ......................................................................163
11.3.3 設(shè)計(jì)原則 ..........................................................................................163
11.3.4 設(shè)計(jì)基本參數(shù) ..................................................................................163
11.3.5 主要建、構(gòu)筑物方案 ......................................................................164
11.3.6 主要結(jié)構(gòu)材料 ..................................................................................164
11.3.7 裝修做法 ..........................................................................................164
11.3.8 抗震設(shè)防及防腐處理 ......................................................................165
11.4 維修及搶修 .............................................................................................165
11.4.1 設(shè)計(jì)原則 ..........................................................................................165
11.4.2 管道維搶修工作內(nèi)容 ......................................................................165
11.4.3 維搶修機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置 ..........................................................................166
11.4.4 維搶修機(jī)具配置及人員配備 ..........................................................166
第12章 健康、安全、安保及環(huán)保（HSSE） ...............................................169
12.1 健康、安全與安保 .................................................................................169
12.1.1 危害識(shí)別 ..........................................................................................169
12.1.2 安全防護(hù)措施 ..................................................................................169
12.2 環(huán)境保護(hù) .................................................................................................169
12.2.1 工程環(huán)境概況 ..................................................................................170
12.2.2 主要污染源及污染物 ......................................................................170
12.2.3 環(huán)境影響分析 ..................................................................................171
12.2.4 環(huán)境保護(hù)措施 ..................................................................................172
12.2.5 預(yù)期效果 ..........................................................................................172
第13章 組織機(jī)構(gòu)及定員 .............................................................................173
13.1 原油聯(lián)合外輸管道管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置 .........................................................173
13.2 全線定員設(shè)置 .........................................................................................173
附錄1 A站工藝流程圖 ...............................................................................175
附錄2 A站平面布置圖 ...............................................................................176
附錄3 B站工藝流程圖 ...............................................................................177
附錄4 B站平面布置圖 ...............................................................................178
附錄5 C站工藝流程圖 ...............................................................................179
附錄6 C站平面布置圖 ...............................................................................180
附錄7 中間站工藝流程圖 ...........................................................................181
附錄8 中間站平面布置圖 ...........................................................................182
插圖索引 ........................................................................................................183
表格索引 ........................................................................................................186
第1章 總論
1.1 編制依據(jù)
1）R油田外輸管道設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書
2）R油田原油物性測(cè)試結(jié)果
3）R油田管道穿越河流處的地層巖性特征
4）R油田穿越河流工程地質(zhì)剖面圖
1.2 研究范圍
1）項(xiàng)目名稱：R油田原油外輸管道可行性研究
2）建設(shè)地區(qū)：R油田投入開發(fā)，初期原通過(guò)汽車外運(yùn)。為了滿足油田開發(fā)上產(chǎn)需要，降低汽車?yán)统杀�，需進(jìn)行原油外輸管道及火車裝方案設(shè)計(jì)。
輸油干線起點(diǎn)是A聯(lián)合站，途經(jīng)B外輸首站，終點(diǎn)是外輸首站，終點(diǎn)是C裝車站，該原油經(jīng)火車裝外運(yùn)給用戶。距離經(jīng)火車裝外運(yùn)給用戶。距離A聯(lián)合站40km處有一條河流，擬建輸油管道穿越該河流進(jìn)入B外輸首站，穿越河道長(zhǎng)度為1000m 左右。河床相對(duì)比較平坦，岸兩側(cè)地勢(shì)相對(duì)較高。
3）項(xiàng)目類型：本項(xiàng)目將新建R油田A-B段油水混輸管道和B-C段原油輸送管道。R油田的混合液通過(guò)A-B段輸送到B站點(diǎn)，B外輸首站已建脫水站、含油污水深度處理站各1座，滿足接收A聯(lián)合站輸送含水油的需求。然后從B進(jìn)行外輸，最終在C站進(jìn)行鐵路發(fā)油。
4）研究范圍：R油田原油外輸管道的線路走向、穿越方案、輸油工藝、站場(chǎng)工程及配套工程方案進(jìn)行研究，同時(shí)進(jìn)行管道運(yùn)行控制方案研究。
5）整體的經(jīng)濟(jì)性評(píng)價(jià)由業(yè)主單獨(dú)委托相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)完成評(píng)估，目前該項(xiàng)工作正在進(jìn)行中，本版可研報(bào)告研究范圍僅在輸油工藝中采用技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行方案優(yōu)選，其余部分暫不包含管道工程的投資估算、財(cái)務(wù)分析和融資方案。
1.3 編制原則
1）嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家、行業(yè)的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程和規(guī)范，并參照有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范；
2）以“安全、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用”為理念進(jìn)行總體設(shè)計(jì)；
3）采取可行措施、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案，使項(xiàng)目改造完成后實(shí)現(xiàn)安全、高效運(yùn)營(yíng)，從而獲得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。
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發(fā)表于 2016-7-3 22:10:12
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